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Manicheism - translation to russian
. Seal with figure of Mani, possibly 3rd century CE, possibly Irak. Cabinet des Médailles, Paris.jpg?width=200)
![[[Akshobhya]] in the [[Abhirati]] with the Cross of Light, a symbol of Manichaeism.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Akshobya in His Eastern Paradise with Cross of Light.jpg?width=200 "[[Akshobhya]] in the [[Abhirati]] with the Cross of Light, a symbol of Manichaeism.")
![Central Asians]], with two symbols of Manichaeism: Sun and Cross.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amitâbha in His Western Paradise with Indians, Tibetians and Central Asians, Symbols - Sun and Cross.jpg?width=200 "Central Asians]], with two symbols of Manichaeism: Sun and Cross.")
![Confessions]]'' criticizing Manichaeism.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Augustine Confessiones.jpg?width=200 "Confessions]]'' criticizing Manichaeism.")
![Yuan Chinese]] silk painting ''Mani's Birth''.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Birth of Mani.jpg?width=200 "Yuan Chinese]] silk painting ''Mani's Birth''.")
![Chotscho]], 10th century.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Image of Buddha on a Manichaean Pictorial Roll.jpg?width=200 "Chotscho]], 10th century.")
![''[[Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus]]'' depicts Jesus Christ as a Manichaean prophet. The figure can be identified as a representation of Jesus Christ by the small gold cross that sits on the red lotus pedestal in His left hand.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jesus as a Manichaean Prophet, 13th century.jpg?width=200 "''[[Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus]]'' depicts Jesus Christ as a Manichaean prophet. The figure can be identified as a representation of Jesus Christ by the small gold cross that sits on the red lotus pedestal in His left hand.")
![10th century Manichaean Electae in [[Gaochang]] (Khocho), China.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ManichaeanElectaeKocho10thCentury.jpg?width=200 "10th century Manichaean Electae in [[Gaochang]] (Khocho), China.")
![Jesus]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Manichaean Diagram of the Universe (Detail 12).jpg?width=200 "Jesus]].")
![Uyghur]] Manichaean clergymen, wall painting from the Khocho ruins, 10th/11th century CE. Located in the Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Humboldt Forum, Berlin.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Manichaean clergymen, Khocho, Ruin alpha, 10th-11th century AD, wall painting - Ethnological Museum, Berlin - DSC01743.JPG?width=200 "Uyghur]] Manichaean clergymen, wall painting from the Khocho ruins, 10th/11th century CE. Located in the Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Humboldt Forum, Berlin.")
![Worship of the [[Tree of Life]] in the World of Light; a Manichaean picture from the [[Bezeklik Caves]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Manichaean picture from cave 25 at Bezeklik Caves.jpg?width=200 "Worship of the [[Tree of Life]] in the World of Light; a Manichaean picture from the [[Bezeklik Caves]]")
![Manichaean priests, writing at their desks. Eighth or ninth century manuscript from [[Gaochang]], [[Tarim Basin]], China.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Manicheans.jpg?width=200 "Manichaean priests, writing at their desks. Eighth or ninth century manuscript from [[Gaochang]], [[Tarim Basin]], China.")
![''[[Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation]]'', 13th-century Chinese Manichaean silk painting.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation. Cathayan Manichaean silk painting, 13th-century.jpg?width=200 "''[[Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation]]'', 13th-century Chinese Manichaean silk painting.")
![Mani]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shahname - Mani death (cropped).jpg?width=200 "Mani]]")
![[[Augustine of Hippo]] was once a Manichaean.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tiffany Window of St Augustine - Lightner Museum.jpg?width=200 "[[Augustine of Hippo]] was once a Manichaean.")
![cosmology]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yüen dynasty Manichaean diagram of the Universe.jpg?width=200 "cosmology]].")
['mæniki:iz(ə)m]
синоним
[mæni'ki:]
существительное
история
манихей
['mæniki:ist]
синоним
Definition
Wikipedia
. Seal with figure of Mani, possibly 3rd century CE, possibly Irak. Cabinet des Médailles, Paris.jpg?width=120)
Manichaeism (; in New Persian آیینِ مانی Āyīn-e Mānī; Chinese: 摩尼教; pinyin: Móníjiào) is a former major religion founded in the 3rd century AD by the Parthian prophet Mani (AD 216–274), in the Sasanian Empire.
Manichaeism teaches an elaborate dualistic cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness. Through an ongoing process that takes place in human history, light is gradually removed from the world of matter and returned to the world of light, whence it came. Its beliefs are based on local Mesopotamian religious movements and Gnosticism. It reveres Mani as the final prophet after Zoroaster, Gautama Buddha, and Jesus.
Manichaeism was quickly successful and spread far through the Aramaic-speaking regions. It thrived between the third and seventh centuries, and at its height was one of the most widespread religions in the world. Manichaean churches and scriptures existed as far east as China and as far west as the Roman Empire. It was briefly the main rival to Christianity in the competition to replace classical polytheism before the spread of Islam. Under the Roman Dominate, Manichaeism was persecuted by the Roman state and was eventually stamped out in the Roman Empire.
Manichaeism has survived longer in the east than it did in the west. Although it was thought to have finally faded away after the 14th century in south China, contemporary to the decline of the Church of the East in Ming China, there is a growing corpus of evidence that shows Manichaeism persists in some areas of China, especially in Fujian province, where numerous Manichaean relics have been discovered over time. The currently known sects are notably secretive and protective of their belief system, which has aided in them going relatively undetected. This stems from fears relating to persecution and suppression during various periods of Chinese history.
While most of Manichaeism's original writings have been lost, numerous translations and fragmentary texts have survived.
An adherent of Manichaeism is called a Manichaean or Manichean, or Manichee, especially in older sources.
